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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">LDS</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Leadership and Developing Societies</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2399-2859</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>African Leadership Centre</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47697/lds.39390007</article-id>
      <article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Leadership Commentaries</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
      <title-group><article-title>Leadership Training for Middle Managers: An Organisational Turning Point</article-title></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moreno</surname><given-names>Francisco Sanchez</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><year>2026</year><month>3</month><day>11</day></pub-date>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>80</fpage><lpage>84</lpage>
      <permissions><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><license-p>This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.</license-p></license></permissions>
      <abstract><p>Middle managers' main desirable attributes are to have management and leadership skills, be able to influence their teams, demonstrate a methodical and disciplined approach, and convey the organisations values. Their main functions are to transmit the strategy of the executive management, implement the strategy, plan, execute, control the organisation's activities, define and delegate functions, and lead and motivate their teams</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Leadership</kwd></kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body><sec><p>Middle managers' main desirable attributes are to have management and leadership skills, be able to influence their teams, demonstrate a methodical and disciplined approach, and convey the organisations values. Their main functions are to transmit the strategy of the executive management, implement the strategy, plan, execute, control the organisation's activities, define and delegate functions, and lead and motivate their teams</p></sec></body>
</article>
