Corrections and Retractions Policy
The Journal of Leadership and Developing Societies adheres to the International Association of Scientific, Technical & Medical Publishers' (STM) guidelines on the Preservation of the Objective Record of Science:
Articles that have been published should remain extant, exact and unaltered to the maximum extent possible.
When we make corrections
Only under exceptional circumstances and considerations will amendments be made to published articles and materials.
Corrections will be made if there is a serious error in the article, or if the error impairs understanding of the article. Corrections will not be made for minor errors such as spelling mistakes. The corrected (or amended, "Errata") article will replace the original, and a correction notice will be published explaining the amendments that have been made.
Retractions
We follow the COPE Guidelines for Retracting Articles.
Retraction is reserved for cases where the integrity of the published record is fundamentally compromised — for example, where findings are unreliable due to honest error or research misconduct, where the article is plagiarised or reports unethical research, or where authorship is fraudulent. A retraction notice will be published, prominently linked to the original article via Crossmark, and the original article will remain accessible with a clear retraction watermark.
Expressions of concern
Where retraction is not yet warranted but readers should be aware of unresolved questions about an article, the editor may publish an expression of concern. This is replaced by either a correction or a retraction once the matter is resolved.
How to report a concern
If you believe an article in Leadership and Developing Societies contains a material error or needs investigation, please contact the Managing Editor — see the About page for contact details. We follow the misconduct allegations process described in our Publication Ethics policy.
Related: Publication Ethics · About · COPE · STM Association